News values

News values are "criteria that influence the selection and presentation of events as published news." These values help explain what makes something "newsworthy."^[1]

News values are not universal and can vary between different cultures. Among the many lists of news values that have been drawn up by scholars and journalists, some attempt to describe news practices across cultures, while others have become remarkably specific to the press of particular (often Western) nations. In the Western tradition, decisions on the selection and prioritization of news are made by editors on the basis of their experience and intuition, although analysis by Galtung and Ruge showed that several factors are consistently applied across a range of news organizations. Their theory was tested on the news presented in four different Norwegian newspapers from the Congo and Cuban crisis of July 1960 and the Cyprus crisis of March–April 1964. Results were mainly consistent with their theory and hypotheses.^[2] Johan Galtung later said that the media have misconstrued his work and become far too negative, sensational, and adversarial.^[3]

Methodologically and conceptually, news values can be approached from four different perspectives: material (focusing on the material reality of events), cognitive (focusing on people's beliefs and value systems), social (focusing on journalistic practice), and discursive (focusing on the discourse).^[4] A discursive perspective tries to systematically examine how news values such as Negativity, Proximity, Eliteness, and others, are constructed through words and images in published news stories. This approach is influenced by linguistics and social semiotics, and is called "discursive news values analysis" (DNVA).^[5] It focuses on the "distortion" step in Galtung and Ruge's chain of news communication, by analysing how events are discursively constructed as newsworthy.

^ Boyd, A. (1994) Broadcast Journalism, Techniques of Radio and TV News. Oxford: Focal.
^ Galtung, J.; Holmboe Ruge, M. (1965). "The Structure of Foreign News. The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus Crises in Four Norwegian Newspapers". Journal of Peace Research. 2 (1): 64–91. doi:10.1177/002234336500200104. JSTOR 423011. S2CID 55063363.(subscription required)
^ Academic who defined news principles says journalists are too negative The Guardian
^ Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Discursive News Values Analysis".

[1] Boyd, A. (1994) Broadcast Journalism, Techniques of Radio and TV News. Oxford: Focal.

[:2-2] Galtung, J.; Holmboe Ruge, M. (1965). "The Structure of Foreign News. The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus Crises in Four Norwegian Newspapers". Journal of Peace Research. 2 (1): 64–91. doi:10.1177/002234336500200104. JSTOR 423011. S2CID 55063363.(subscription required)

[3] Academic who defined news principles says journalists are too negative The Guardian

[:3-4] Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[5] "Discursive News Values Analysis".

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